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Fax được phiên dịch ra một cách thuần Việt đó chính là điện thư – một kỹ thuật được sáng tạo bởi nhà khoa học người Anh Alexander Bain sau đó được các nhà khoa học đời sau khác tiếp tục nghiên cứu và phát triển tới dạng máy fax thời bây giờ.
Vào thuở sơ khai, máy fax chỉ gửi được những tín hiệu thông qua kết nối dây dẫn nhưng đến năm 1924, người ta đã có thể sử dụng sóng radio để gửi được điện thư thông qua giao động sóng. Đây là một bước tiến lớn để phát triển máy máy fax.
Một chiếc máy fax sẽ có khả năng quyét đọc tài liệu bản gốc sau đó mã hóa nó thành tín hiệu rồi gửi nó tới một máy fax ở đầu ra địa chỉ. Máy fax đầu ra ở bên nhận thông tin sẽ tiến hành đọc tín hiệu được gửi tới và in nó thành tài liệu.
Ngày nay người ta có xu hướng sử dụng email để gửi thư, tài liệu hoặc thông tin nhưng việc sử dụng máy fax vẫn không thể loại bỏ được vì tin tặc rất có thể sẽ đánh cắp được thông tin của bạn thông qua email và ở một số nước trên thế giới họ chỉ chấp nhận bản in chữ ký cá nhân bằng máy fax chứ không lấy từ email.
Số fax giống như mã số điện thoại, để người sử dụng fax có thể phân biệt được địa chỉ mà họ cần gửi tài liệu tới cũng như việc họ cho số fax để nhận tài liệu về. Tùy theo nhu cầu người dùng có thể sở hữu một số fax riêng hoặc chung.
Hiện nay trên thị trường có rất nhiều kiểu máy fax và được phân biệt thông qua công nghệ in của mỗi máy. Nếu bạn muốn mua một chiếc máy fax bạn cần phải xác nhận trước mục đích sử dụng của mình để có thể lựa chọn loại máy fax phù hợp nhất.
Máy fax in nhiệt có kết cấu đơn giản nhưng lại có sự ổn định cao khi hoạt động. Chúng sử dụng một loại giấy in riêng dạng cuốn. Fax in nhiệt rất dễ sử dụng và giá thành khá thấp, là lựa chọn tốt trong trường hợp bạn không phải người giỏi trong lĩnh vực công nghệ.
Nhưng bản in trên loại máy này rất dễ mờ dần theo thời gian do chế độ in nhiệt vậy nên bạn sẽ không thể lưu trữ những bản in với thời gian dài được trừ khi bạn in lại bằng máy in thường hoặc scan nó vào máy tính.
Loại fax này có giá cao hơn máy in nhiệt một chút nhưng sự ổn định thì lại không bằng. Fax in phim sử dụng cuộn phim kết cấu giống cuộn giấy than để tạo hình ảnh in nên bản in có thể lưu trữ được, đây là một ưu điểm fax in nhiệt không có.
Chất lượng bản in của fax in phim sẽ phụ thuộc vào loại giấy than mà bạn sử dụng. Và bởi vì in bằng cuộn giấy than nên thời gian sử dụng hết một cuộn sẽ khá là nhanh chóng, người ta hay dùng mẹo để tiết kiệm đó là cuộn lại giấy than để sử dụng. Nhưng cho dù là như vậy thì bạn cũng cần phải mua nhiều cuộn giấy than để dự trữ, khá là bất tiện với những người không hay đi mua sắm hoặc ở xa nơi bán giấy than cho fax in phim.
Máy fax in phun có giá thành không cao lắm (bằng tầm với máy fax in phim). Nó sử dụng hộp mực in và có thể in được nhiều loại màu vậy nên bản fax của bạn sẽ được sống động hơn nếu cần thêm màu sắc.
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Bởi vì in màu nên việc in ấn rất tiện dụng và bản fax cũng có thể lưu lại được lâu hơn. Chỉ có điều đáng nói là hộp màu cho máy fax in phun là loại chuyên dụng và giá thành khá cao và hiếm có chỗ bán vậy nên tiền để “nuôi” máy fax in phun sẽ là không nhỏ.
Máy fax này giống như cái tên của nó sẽ sử dụng công nghệ in Laser để tạo bản in. Nó cho ra chất lượng bản in tốt nhất. Giá thành của fax in Laser hơi cao một chút nhưng rất đáng giá với công dụng của nó. Kho mực in lớn nên tần suất phải thay mực rất dài và bạn còn có thể sử dụng mực máy in thông dụng cho máy fax in laser.
Fax in Laser được rất nhiều thương hiệu lớn sản xuất. Bạn có thể tìm mua loại máy này ở Panasonic, Canon… đều là những thương hiệu thiết bị văn phòng phẩm uy tín.
Javascript Sự Khác Biệt Map Và Weakmap. What Make A Different?
Bài viết được sự cho phép của tác giả Kiên Nguyễn
Sự khác biệt map và weakmap luôn là một phần kiến thức cần nắm vững đối với lập trình viên Javascript. Nắm rõ sự khác biệt còn phải hiểu lúc nào nên sử dụng loại nào nữa. Đấy, vô vàn vấn đề cần tìm hiểu.
Tuy nhiên, khó cũng phải hiểu. Vì Data Structure không phải muốn dùng sao cũng được. Ở các System lớn, chỉ cần thay đổi một kiểu của DS thôi cũng gây ra hàng tá vấn đề.
Dữ liệu lớn, request xử lý hàng đống. Memory là thứ cần kiểm soát chặt chẽ để đảm bảo hệ thống luôn vận hành trơn tru. Kieblog hân hạnh giới thiệu bài viết sự khác biệt map và weakmap. Bắt đầu ngay thôi nào!
Tuyển dụng lập trình viên Javascript cho bạn
1. Định nghĩaMap thì đã quá quen thuộc rồi
The Map object holds key-value pairs and remembers the original insertion order of the keys. Any value (both objects and primitive values) may be used as either a key or a value.
Đối tượng Map lưu cặp key-value (khoá – giá trị) theo thứ tự chèn vào của khoá. Bất kỳ giá trị nào (cả đối tượng (objects) và primitive values) đều có thể sử dụng làm key hoặc value.
WeakMap thì bản thân bao gồm 2 chữ. Weak và Map, hẳn là phải có cái gì đó “yếu hơn” rồi.
The WeakMap object is a collection of key/value pairs in which the keys are weakly referenced. The keys must be objects and the values can be arbitrary values.
Đối tượng WeakMap là collection của các cặp key/value với các key được tham chiếu yếu ớt. Các key phải là đối tượng và các value có thể là bất kỳ giá trị nào.
Cả Map và WeakMap đều cho phép lưu trữ theo kiểu key-value. Key và uniques và một loạt Value đi kèm. Tuy nhiên vẫn tồn tại một số sự khác biệt map và weakmap.
Weak không có nghĩa là yếu. Chỉ “lỏng lẻo” hơn một vài điểm thôi
2. Sự khác biệt Map và Weak Map 2.1 Key StoreCùng là cơ chế lưu trữ key-value. Nhưng có sự khác biệt rõ ràng về tiêu chuẩn của key.
A WeakMap accepts only objects as keys whereas a Map,in addition to objects, accepts primitive datatype such as strings, numbers etc.
WeakMap chỉ chấp nhận kiểu objects đóng vai trò như là key. Trong khi Map, ngoài kiểu Objects, nó còn chấp nhận cả các kiểu nguyên thủy như Strings, Numbers,…
JavaScript
map.set(44, 12); weakmap.set(44, 13); var map_1 = new WeakMap([[1, 2], [4, 5]]);Mà cái thằng WeakMap này cũng dị. Mấy function hay methods dùng được với map thì không dùng được với Weakmap.
JavaScript
console.log(weakmap.size); for(var i of map) { console.log(i); } for(var i of weakmap) { console.log(i); } map.clear(); weakmap.clear();Ngoài chuyện Primitive Type thì còn một vấn đề khác nữa là Memory Leak. Cái này là “cốt lõi”. Có nó mới có chữ Weak trong WeakMap. Khác biệt cốt lõi nhất!
2.2 Vấn đề Memory LeakMemory thì từ xưa đến nay đã luôn là vấn đề cố hữu của Map. Một Map được tạo ra cũng đồng nghĩa với một phần memory được cấp phát. Cấp thì dễ, nhưng đôi khi mấy anh dev lại quên lấy lại phần đó (mặc dù đã sử dụng xong Map).
Sự khác biệt giữa Map và WeakMap lại là vấn đề này. Đây cũng là điểm khác biệt cần nắm rõ để có lựa chọn sáng suốt khi lựa chọn Map hay WeakMap.
Để dễ hiểu hơn thì ta có thể xem xét ví dụ sau:
JavaScript
var map = new Map(); var weakmap = new WeakMap(); (function(){ var a = {x: 12}; var b = {y: 12}; map.set(a, 1); weakmap.set(b, 2); })()Xét như ví dụ phía trên, function tóm gọn lại từ dòng 4 đến dòng 10. Tuy nhiên để access được b = {y: 12}; bên ngoài function scope thực sự là không thể.
Mặc dù cả Map và Weakmap đều là global access variable. Tuy nhiên cơ chế của WeakMap cho phép Garbage collector xóa pointer tới b của chính nó. Bản thân chữa weak mang nghĩa là yếu, liên kết của weak map tới chính đứa con mà nó set vào là liên kết lỏng lẻo.
So “Map” can cause more garbages in memory. We can say that “Map” references are strong pointer whereas “WeakMap” references are weak pointers.
Chính vì vậy Map có thể chiếm dụng khá nhiều về mặt memory. Cũng có thể nói “map” tham chiếu mạnh hơn so với “WeakMap”. Tham chiếu ở đây được hiểu là tham chiếu tới memory được cấp phát.
3. Lúc nào nên xài cái gì?Không phải ngẫu nhiên mà Javascript ES6 bổ sung thêm WeakMap. Rõ ràng Map luôn có sự bất tiện khi sử dụng.
Rõ ràng có sự bất tiện khi sử dụng Map
Vấn đề memory có được dọn dẹp hay không đã là sự khác biệt map và weakmap. Vậy lúc nào ta nên dùng WeakMap?
Keeping private data about a specific object and only giving access to it to people with a reference to the Map. A more ad-hoc approach is coming with the private-symbols proposal but that’s a long time from now. Đảm bảo an toàn cho dữ liệu, chỉ cho phép access đối với các đối tượng có tham chiếu và cần sử dụng tới WeakMap.
Chắc sẽ còn một vài trường hợp khác WeakMap trở nên hữu ích. Tui sẽ bổ sung cho mấy ông sau.
4. Tham khảoThank for your attention – Have a great day – Happy coding!
Ha Nam Is Not Only Tam Chuc Pagoda
The pace of life on the Day River at sunset, around the Do bridge, in the distance is the Thanh Liem mountain range. Do Xa Bridge, popularly known as Do Bridge, belongs to Thanh Chau Ward, Phu Ly City.
Do Bridge is considered the Long Bien bridge of Ha Nam, associated with many memories of the lives of the people here. The bridge operated since the early 1970s, before there were other concrete bridges such as Chau Son Bridge, Hong Phu Bridge spanning the Day River. “Cau Do is a shooting spot that I love very much and spent dozens of times shooting here in the past two years,” Gia Bao shared.
Fascinated with photography, Gia Bao realizes how beautiful his homeland is, from which he loves and appreciates life more. On the photo is the sunrise over Phu Ly city, on the left is the Hong Phu bridge across the Day river.
Panorama of the sunset over Phu Ly city, a grade 2 urban area under Ha Nam, the highlight is the section of Le Hoan street (National Highway 1A) running parallel to the Day River. The right corner is Bau pagoda, also known as Thien Bao Tu, the largest temple in Phu Ly.
Chau Giang Bridge crosses Chau Giang River, Phu Ly City at sunset. Chau Giang Bridge has an arch design, 184.58 m long, 20.4 m wide, connecting the economic and cultural center of the city and Bac Chau Giang urban area, creating architectural highlights and urban landscapes. .
Afternoon sunshine on Chau Son bridge across Day river, connecting Phu Ly city center to Chau Son Industrial Park, Kien Khe quarry.
Magical morning dew on Tam Chuc pagoda complex. This is the largest Buddhist temple in Vietnam, located on the ancient temple of the same name, more than 1,000 years old. Tam Chuc Pagoda is located in Ba Sao town, Kim Bang district, Ha Nam province, about 50 km south of Hanoi center.
The pagoda owns a diverse landscape, with its back leaning against That Tinh Mountain, facing Tam Chuc Lake with 6 rocky islands emerging on the lake surface, surrounded by limestone mountains and natural forests, bringing a heroic atmosphere. majestic, peaceful like a fairyland.
The ancient architecture of So Kien Basilica (also known as Ke So Church) is a Roman Catholic church belonging to the Archdiocese of Hanoi. This oldest church in Ha Nam is located in Kien Khe town, Thanh Liem district, about 65 km from Hanoi.
The church is 67.2 meters long, 31.2 meters wide, bearing the title of the Immaculate Conception. This is the pilgrimage center of the diocese of Hanoi, once serving as the archdiocese of the archdiocese from 1882 to 1936.
Out of about 6,000 churches across the country, Vietnam has 4 minor basilicas . These basilicas are honored by the Pope especially for churches with large, ancient architecture, important historical and spiritual significance.
A moment of peace by the Day River, a glimpse of Thanh Liem mountain on the outskirts of Thanh Tuyen ward, Phu Ly city.
“I have been taking pictures for two years, the concept that when taking a picture is to be beautiful. Many places I had to photograph over and over again until I was satisfied. Currently, I can’t capture all of Ha Nam’s landscape overnight, I also hope it will be a motivation to try to find more interesting camera angles to share with readers and friends,” Gia Bao shared.
Ho Xuan Huong’s poetic landscape titled “Kem Trong Mountain” refers to the mountain in Thanh Hai commune, Thanh Liem district. Kem Trong is an empty space between two limestone mountains flowing through the Day River. This is a national scenic monument recognized in 1962.
The photo of buffalo returning in the sunset was taken in the field of Thanh Thuy Commune, Thanh Liem District. Ha Nam countryside mainly grows rice, combines crops and livestock to serve life. Gia Bao believes that such natural images are gradually decreasing, so he loves and cherishes this moment.
Vu Dai fish warehouse craft village, Hoa Hau commune, Ly Nhan district, Ha Nam. One of the secrets of creating this brand of braised fish is that a pot of braised fish has to go through 14 hours of continuous cooking, when it dries, add water and the fire is not too loud, otherwise the fish will burn.
Through the series of photos, Gia Bao wishes that more and more people know Ha Nam, making a small contribution to Ha Nam tourism’s development. “Really, Ha Nam has many beautiful photo corners waiting for everyone to explore,” Gia Bao confided. The young man hopes to meet more people with the same passion for photography to spread the image of his homeland.
Photo: Nguyen Gia Bao
Đăng bởi: Thắm Lưu
Từ khoá: Ha Nam is not only Tam Chuc pagoda
Lang Co Oyster Sauce Is Famous In Hue
The famous specialty oyster sauce of Lang Co
Lang Co (Lang Co Town, Phu Loc District, Thua Thien Hue Province) is famous for a variety of fresh specialties such as shrimp, crab, crab, squid, cockle, cockle, mussel, … thanks to the favor of nature endowed with natural conditions surrounded by sea and lagoons.
In particular, the Oyster, or locally known as Sa, is also a specialty of Lang Co lagoon, which is not popular for fresh use as much as other specialties, but is famous for its deliciousness through a process of processing into a type of sauce called oyster sauce.
In Lang Co nowadays, there are many households that can make their own oyster fish sauce, but the famous famous for making oyster sauce is the family of Me Can with 20 years of making oyster sauce at the intersection of Lang Co market. According to Mo Can, it is not difficult to make oyster fish sauce, but to have a delicious bottle of oyster fish sauce for a long time requires the fish sauce maker to understand the characteristics of the oysters and have the mind.
The secret to making delicious oyster sauceWant to make the sauce delicious and not spoiled, the split shells must keep the intestines intact. Finished split shells, sieve to clean sand and cloudy water, and drain. According to the experience of the longtime oyster makers in Lang Co, it is forbidden to soak the oysters in water for too long, because when making fish sauce, they will quickly spoil. The cleverness of the fish sauce maker is to weigh the appropriate amount of salt, so that it is not too salty but not too light.
To make fish sauce, people take the guts of oysters, chili powder, galangal roots, roasted green beans and salt (about 2 cups of shellfish for every 10 cups of salt) … mix well in the brass and then put them in about 2/3 bottles, cover tightly. again. For about 10 to 15 days, oyster water stays at the bottom of a 2-inch bottle, the meat of the scallops floating on the surface. Now that the fish sauce is ripe, we have the right to enjoy Lang Co’s specialties.
Scallop fish sauce drawn out is red au, very eye-catching. In particular, the sauce is thick and thick with the intact shellfish. When eating, people add spices such as sugar, monosodium glutamate, garlic, chopped chili or add a little grated papaya. Delicious oyster sauce can be eaten with white rice or as a dipping sauce with vegetables, vermicelli and bacon.
Enjoy the right clam saucePhoto: @doiratngon
Before bringing the oyster sauce to a meal, we often mix in it with spices, especially thinly sliced figs or sliced papaya, star fruit, bananas … The taste of oyster fish sauce is inherently delicious , and even more delicious when enhanced with the fatty taste of pork.
Like sa sauce, fish sauce in the Mekong Delta region, oyster sauce is very suitable for vegetables. Hold each roll of cool vegetables in hand, dot the oyster fish sauce, clip the meat to your mouth and bite the green pepper, chew it carefully, making sure there is nothing more enjoyable.
Coming back to Lang Co, visiting the people’s houses here, you will surely be invited to try the oyster sauce, the special dish of this land. Clam fish sauce can be eaten with white rice as a side dish. On rainy days, scooping up a bowl of hot rice and then filling with oyster sauce, chewing it more deliciously than any “delicacy”.
Viettravel
Đăng bởi: Thắng đặng
Từ khoá: Lang Co oyster sauce is famous in Hue
Halong Bay In One Day Tour: What To Do With A Single Day
Photo by Silas Baisch / Unsplash
Halong Bay is one of the most popular travel destinations in Vietnam. It’s chock-full of things to see and to eat. To visit and enjoy the place thoroughly in one day, there will be lots of things to consider, like what to see, what to eat, where to book a tour. To make your one day in Halong Bay worthwhile, we made this guide to help you. Halong Bay in one day may be hard, but it’s not impossible. In the end, you won’t regret visiting Halong Bay. LET’S GO
The Legends & FactAccording to legend, way back when Vietnam was just starting to form, the early Vietnamese had to fight against multiple invaders. Seeing the Vietnamese situation, the gods decided to help them. They sent a family of dragons down to Vietnam to act as its protectors. The invaders were coming from the sea as the dragon family came down. Some of the dragons began to breathe fire and destroy the invaders’ ships while the others in the family began spitting jewels and jade. These jewels turned into multiple islands and islets spreading across the bay, forming a great wall to defend Vietnam. Using magic, the dragons made various rocky mountains suddenly appear on the sea, causing the attackers’ ship to either strike the mountains or each other.
Float across the sparkling emerald waters of Halong Bay on a traditional Vietnamese junk Instagram @clevelandcoll
After they defeated the enemies, the dragons were so fascinated by the sight and the people of Vietnam they decided not to return to heaven and instead live in this bay. Ha Long is what the people call the place where the mother dragon landed, meaning “descending dragon”. The dragon childrens’ landing spot was named Bai Tu Long, and the place where the dragons wriggled their tails was called Bach Long Vi. Geographically, Halong Bay is located in northeastern Vietnam. It stretches the Hung Yen province, and passes Halong city to Van Don District. UNESCO recognized the bay as a World Heritage Site, attracting millions of tourists every year, and there’s no reason why you shouldn’t be one of them.
What to do and seeHalong Bay is perhaps one of the most charming and gorgeous nature sites in the world, with over 2000 beautiful limestone islands and islets. Its beauty combined with how people live among it, create an astonishing and unforgettable combination. When mentioning Halong Bay, people think about its limestone rocks, which dot the whole bay, and caves, lots and lots of caves. With just one day to visit it, you should know everything that’s worth seeing or doing before you go, and this part will show you just that. Assuming that you’re in Hanoi and start at 8, it’ll be at least a 3hr drive to Halong Bay. So we’ll start with you boarding a cruise ship around 11 to start your one day Halong Bay trip.
Fighting Cock RocksFighting Cock Rocks, or usually called by its more charming Vietnamese name, Trong Mai Islet (rooster and hen islet). Some even call it Kissing Birds. No matter what name you call them, they always attract attention whenever a tourist boat passes by. It is usually one of the first islets that you will see during your trip.
The rock with deep meaning
Shaped like a pair of chicken, these rocks are one of the most well-known islets in Halong Bay. At 10 meters from the sea level, it appears in countless works of art, especially in literature and painting. The rocks can fall down at any given moment, but they refuse to. Standing on the deck while looking at this marvelous creation of nature is mesmerizing and relaxing for many people. Be sure to take lots of photos to remember it by.
Dinh Huong IsletYour next stop should be Dinh Huong Islet. It’s is in the southwest of Dau Go Island. The islet is only one large rock in the middle of the sea. When the tide is low, you can see four pins underneath the rock, forming a shape that resembles a huge incense burner., hence the name Dinh Huong (incense burner). Nobody knows exactly when the islet was formed, however, it remains a sacred symbol in Halong Bay
Dinh Huong islet is beautiful when there’ fog
Along with Trong Mai Islet, Dinh Huong Rocks is also an iconic image of Halong Bay. It holds great symbolic and spiritual values, with the possibility that its name was dedicated to the heroes who lost their lives to protect Vietnam. The fact that it’s printed on the 200.000 VND note makes it even more of a symbol.
Printed on Vietnamese money
Dinh Huong Islet is also a clear example of Halong Bay’s geological and geomorphological value. Besides being a charming site, it also acts as an object to help navigate boats and cruises. Visit Halong bay in one day without seeing these rocks is a failure to me. There are also lots of islets to see and to explore, but seeing 2 of the most iconic rocks for a one day trip is not bad at all. After you’ve seen a few rocks and islets, it’s time to start exploring the many caves of Halong Bay. Your one day tour of Halong Bay is just starting.
Thien Cung CaveWe’re starting our cave tour by visiting Thien Cung Cave. Located just a bit north of Dau Go island. Thien Cung cave (Heaven Palace cave) is the most beautiful and primitive of all the caves in Halong Bay. With the total area of 10,000 square meters along with its complex interior structure, the cave fascinates all of its visitors. But what makes it famous is its unique system of stalactites and stalagmites, which come in different shapes and sizes. This place must be visited if you visiting Halong Bay in one day.
Thien Cung cave is quite famous among tourist
Because the entrance was well-hidden, it was not until 1993 when fishermen tried to find shelter during a big storm that they stumbled upon the cave. Exploring Thien Cung cave is no easy task, make sure that you’re able to walk long distances and climb lots of stairs. When observing the cave, remember to make full use your imagination to create images from giant rock pillars naturally sculpted with stalactites.
Sung Sot CaveThe next cave that you should visit is Sung Sot Cave. The name Sung Sot cave can be translated to Shocking cave. Much like its name, tourists tend to be in a state of shock and awe when they first stepped into the cave. Your one day in Halong bay couldn’t be complete if you haven’t seen this place. The cave is divided into two main parts, with multiple sites to see. In the first part, the ceiling is covered with a layer of glittering stalactites forming numerous shapes that resemble things like statues, elephants, flowers and much more. To reach the second part of the cave, you have to walk through a small road. The second part opens up with a stream of colorful and brilliant light and the vast bank that can hold thousands. The scenery in this part is just as bizarre as the first part, with stalactites in the form of seals, dinosaurs, tree etc.
One of many beautiful sites in Sung Sot cave
Sung Sot cave always make guests marvel at the shimmering beauty that nature has bestowed upon it. It is one of the typical karst caves with high scientific values. It’s important to end your one day Halong Bay trip on a high note, so let’s end with an exciting activity.
Kayaking through the BayAfter you visit the iconic rocks and caves, it should be around 2-2.30pm. It’s time to start doing some kayaking. Kayaking is perfect if you want to have a more active experience while exploring. Note that you only have one day in Halong bay to do it. Kayaking is one of the best ways to explore the breathtaking beauty of Halong Bay. Paddle through the sea, visit hidden caves and unspoiled beach and go where the big, heavy cruise ships cannot.
Kayaking is fairly liked by the young
Here are some tips if you want to try kayaking. remember that it’s extremely difficult and dangerous to do it by yourself, so try and find a tour guide, they can help guide you to safe areas. A life jacket is a must for this activity. Around 4-4.30 is the perfect time to end your one day trip and head back to Hanoi.
How to choose a tourOne day trip to Halong Bay may leave much to be desired. But if you have no other choice than to visit it in just one day, this is our guide to try and help you find the best experience you can get. Our objective will be to find a tour with not only reasonable price but also has great quality. If finding a tour is too much of a chore for you, just consider the Inspitrip tour. It covers all the expenses and also includes pick up. For a one day tour with all the important sites covered, you won’t find a better offer.
Đăng bởi: Huệ Nguyễn Thúy
Từ khoá: Halong Bay in One Day Tour: What To Do with a Single Day
This Is The Best Of Indian Culture, As Certified By Unesco
India’s heritage and culture are so much more than just monuments and sites; it is reflected in everything from oral traditions, performing arts, social practices and festive events. According to UNESCO, intangible heritage represents inherited traditions from the past but also contemporary rural and urban practices that are inclusive, representative and community-based. On this World Heritage Day, here is a glimpse of India’s intangible heritage.
💥Ramlila
An amalgamation of song, dance and drama, Ramlila, literally “Rama’s play,” is the staging of the holy text ‘Ramayana,’ which was composed by poet Tulsidas. It is performed across northern India, during the festival of Dussehra which celebrates the victory of good over evil and typically lasts for ten to twelve days. It reenacts episodes from the Ramacharitmanas, culminating in a series of dramatic scenes that are enthralling and visually striking. The audience is encouraged to participate in singing and narration, and the festival brings together people from all walks of life, regardless of their caste, religion, or age. Villagers enthusiastically participate in various activities related to the festival, such as making masks and costumes, preparing effigies, make-up, and lights. The most popular Ramlilas are performed in Ayodhya, Ramnagar, Benares, Vrindavan, Almora, Sattna and Madhubani.
💥Yoga
Focused on bringing harmony between the mind, body and soul, yoga is an ancient Indian practice rooted in the Vedas. Akin to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, yoga’s goal is to achieve self-actualisation and realisation, also known as “moksha,” or “nirvana.” Yoga is a culmination of movement, meditation, word chanting and breathing techniques that promote physical and mental well-being. According to various studies and surveys, yoga has various physical and mental benefits including supporting heart health, reducing stress and anxiety, improving sleep, building flexibility and enhancing the overall quality of life. Dubbed as “India’s gift to the world”, Yoga has become a popular practice around the world.
💥 Vedic Chanting
One of the world’s oldest surviving cultural traditions, the Vedas represent a vast and awe-inspiring collection of Sanskrit poetry, philosophical discourse, mythological tales, and ritualistic incantations. Dating back over 3,500 years, this remarkable corpus of work is considered by Hindus to be the fundamental source of knowledge and the sacred bedrock upon which their religion is built. It is a priceless treasure trove that offers profound insights into the history of Hinduism and the origins of many of the artistic, scientific, and philosophical concepts that are still studied and celebrated today. Comprising four Vedas, each commonly referred to as a “book of knowledge,” this heritage exists in an oral form, having been passed down from generation to generation. Through a system of complex recitation techniques that incorporate tonal accents, specific speech combinations, and a unique manner of pronouncing each letter, practitioners of the Vedic tradition are taught from childhood to preserve the sound of each word exactly as it has been passed down through the centuries.
💥 Kutiyattam, Kerala
Kutiyattam, an exceptional form of Sanskrit theatre, is a venerable living tradition in Kerala that has been in existence for over two millennia. This exquisite theatrical art embodies a harmonious blend of Sanskrit classicism and the indigenous customs of Kerala. What sets it apart is its intricate portrayal of situations and events in their fullest detail. This means that a single act could take several days to unfold, while a complete performance could span up to forty days. Kutiyattam’s stylised and systematised language of expression employs two prominent features – neta abhinaya or eye expressions, and hasta abhinaya or hand gestures. Actors undergo a meticulous training process spanning a decade or more to acquire the skills of a seasoned performer. Traditionally, this form of theatre is staged in Kuttampalams, theatres located within Hindu temples. Initially, the plays were considered sacred, and access to them was restricted but with time, these performances have opened to larger audiences.
💥 Kumbh Mela
The Kumbh Mela is a grand spectacle and is dubbed the largest human gathering in the world. This unique festival involves taking a dip or bathing in a holy river, as devotees believe that it will absolve them of their sins and grant them liberation from the cycle of birth and death. No words do justice to the magnitude of the event, as it draws millions of people and is held every four years by rotation in Allahabad, Haridwar, Ujjain and Nasik. It is a festival rich in cultural diversity as it involves various social and cultural activities that vary depending on the location.
💥 Ramman, Uttarakhand
In late April every year, the twin hamlets of Saloor-Dungra in Uttarakhand come alive with the celebration of Ramman, a religious festival dedicated to Bhumiyal Devta, the revered patron deity of the region. This multi-dimensional cultural event combines elements of theatre, music, historical reconstruction, and traditional oral and written narratives, giving expression to the environmental, spiritual, and cultural ethos of the community. The festival is a rich tapestry of highly intricate rituals, including the recitation of an epic poem about Rama, various legends, and the enthralling spectacle of songs and masked dances. The entire extravaganza takes place in the temple dedicated to Bhumiyal Devta, where most of the festivities are centred.
💥Mudiyettu, Kerala
Based on a battle between Ma Kali—the Hindu goddess of power, time, destruction and change, and the ferocious demon—Darika, Mudiyettu is an enthralling dance and drama that takes place in Kerala. This community ritual sees the whole village come together in a stunning display of collective participation and mutual cooperation. The performance is traditionally staged after the summer harvest, wherein performers star in a captivating enactment. The story begins with the divine sage Narada imploring Lord Shiva to subdue the demon Darika, who is immune to defeat by mere mortals. Shiva, in his infinite wisdom, decrees that Darika shall meet his end at the hand of the powerful goddess Kali. The Mudiyettu is a highly anticipated annual event held at the Bhagavati Kavus–the temples of the goddess situated in various villages along the rivers Chalakkudy Puzha, Periyar and Moovattupuzha. The ritual dance drama promotes a strong sense of common identity and fosters mutual bonding among the community. It is truly a magnificent spectacle that showcases the rich cultural heritage of Kerala.
💥Kalbelia, Rajasthan
A tribute to their erstwhile profession as snake handlers, the Kalbelia community indulges in a euphony of folk songs and dances. The women are dressed in traditional attire featuring flowing black skirts and traditional jewellery embellished with mirrors and silver thread, resplendent with intricate embroidery. The dance is a visual spectacle, with the dancers imitating the movements of serpents, while the men provide accompaniment on the khanjari percussion and the poongi, an instrument used to capture snakes in the past. These artistic forms have undergone an evolution, resulting in a beautiful blend of traditional and contemporary elements. The Kalbelia songs and dances are an integral part of the community’s cultural identity, and are performed with special enthusiasm during Holi.
💥Durga Puja
Durga Puja is a Hindu festival, celebrated annually in September or October, primarily in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, but also in other parts of the country and amongst the Bengali diaspora. The festival is characterised by elaborate installations, accompanied by traditional Bengali drumming and the veneration of the goddess. During this festival, the boundaries of class, religion, and ethnicity collapse as people from diverse backgrounds gather to admire the beautiful installations. It is a 10-day-long festival, dedicated to the worship of the mother goddess Durga and the festivities commence on the auspicious day of Mahalaya. The worship of Durga continues for 10 days, culminating on the day of Vijayadashami, when the clay images are immersed in the river, symbolising a “homecoming” or a seasonal return to one’s roots. In essence, it is a magnificent celebration of the divine feminine, bringing together art, spirituality, and community in a dazzling display of human creativity and devotion.
💥Chhau dance, Odisha
The mesmerising art form of Chhau dance hails from the eastern part of India and intricately weaves together episodes from legendary tales like the Mahabharata and Ramayana, along with local folklore and abstract themes. Its distinct styles, originating from the regions of Seraikella, Purulia, and Mayurbhanj, captivate audiences with their vibrant energy and intricate movements, with the first two styles incorporating the use of masks. This traditional dance form is deeply intertwined with regional festivals, particularly the spring festival Chaitra Parva, and is believed to have evolved from indigenous dance and martial practices. Performed at night in open spaces, the dance is accompanied by traditional and folk melodies played on reed pipes like mohuri and shehnai, while the powerful beats of various drums fill the air, creating a riveting musical ensemble. Chhau is not merely a dance form but an integral part of the cultural fabric of the communities of Odisha, Jharkhand and West Bengal, uniting people from diverse social backgrounds, professions, beliefs, and languages.
💥Buddhist chanting, Ladakh
Immerse yourself in the mystical and spiritual world of Ladakh, where Buddhist priests chant sacred texts that embody the essence, philosophy, and teachings of the Buddha. In this picturesque region, two forms of Buddhism are practised—the Mahayana and Vajrayana, with four major sects: Nyingma, Kagyud, Shakya, and Geluk. Each sect has its unique forms of chanting, performed during significant life-cycle rituals and on special days of the Buddhist and agrarian calendars. Chanting in Ladakh is an act of spiritual and moral purification, aimed at restoring inner peace and invoking the blessings of various Buddhas, Bodhisattvas, and Rinpoches. Performed in groups, the chanting takes place in monastery courtyards, private houses or indoors, with the monks donning special costumes and making divine hand gestures (mudras) that represent the Buddha. The melodious rhythm of chanting is enhanced by the use of bells, drums, cymbals, and trumpets. This tranquil experience is soul nourishing and one of a kind.
💥Sankirtana, Manipur
Sankirtana, an assortment of artistic dance expressions, holds a significant place in the cultural tapestry of the Vaishnava populace inhabiting the scenic plains of Manipur. It is an elaborate ceremonial practice where performers, through melodious song and graceful dance, recount the life and exploits of Lord Krishna. The splendour of a typical performance is truly awe-inspiring, with a retinue of ten singer-dancers and two drummers performing in a hall or domestic courtyard, surrounded by seated devotees. The sublime elegance and spiritual potency of this art form leave audiences enraptured, often moved to tears, and reverently prostrating themselves before the performers. The Sankirtana tradition of Manipur is a vibrant and dynamic practice, promoting a harmonious relationship with people and nature alike. Its rituals work in tandem with the natural world, paying homage to its timeless rhythms and cycles. Indeed, the captivating allure of Sankirtana lies in its ability to infuse the mundane with the transcendent, elevate the human spirit and reveal the divine beauty inherent in all creation.
💥Thatheras of Jandiala Guru
The Thatheras are a community of craftsmen based in Jandiala Guru, a town in Amritsar, Punjab. They have honed the traditional technique of crafting exquisite brass and copper utensils that are not only aesthetically pleasing but are believed to possess health benefits as well. This distinguished art form commences with procuring cooled metal cakes that are flattened into thin plates, and hammered into a plethora of curved shapes and sizes, ranging from small bowls and rimmed plates, to larger pots and other remarkable artefacts. This delicate process necessitates scrupulous temperature control, which is achieved by utilising minuscule wood-fired stoves, aided by handheld bellows, strategically buried in the earth. The meticulous process of crafting these utensils concludes with a laborious manual polishing procedure, incorporating traditional materials such as sand and tamarind juice. Intricate designs are skillfully created by hammering a series of minute dents into the heated metal, resulting in captivating patterns.
💥Navroz
The dawn of a new year is a momentous occasion celebrated with great fervour and excitement in several countries across Asia. In particular, March 21 marks the beginning of a fresh start for people from the Parsi community in Iran, India, Pakistan, Turkey, amongst others. This vibrant festival spans over two weeks and encompasses a host of intriguing rituals, ceremonies, and cultural events that are truly a sight to behold. A key tradition that stands out during this time is the gathering around the dining table, which is adorned with symbolic items representing purity, brightness, livelihood, and wealth. It is a joyous occasion for families and friends to come together and indulge in a sumptuous feast. People from the community don new attire and embark on visits to their loved ones, especially the elderly and neighbours, spreading warmth and joy. The exchanging of gifts, particularly for the young ones, is a treasured aspect of this festival and typically comprises handmade artisanal objects.
Cre: cntraveller
Đăng bởi: Thảo Lê
Từ khoá: This is the best of Indian culture, as certified by UNESCO
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